The major risk factor for oral
squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in developing countries like Pakistan is the
excessive chewing habit of paan, chhaliya, tobacco, niswar, gutka and manpuri. Mutagens
can damage DNA and generate promutagenic lesions. It has been reported that
exon 4-9 were the hot spots of the mutation in the tumor suppressor gene. This
study aims to find out the loss of TP53
functions due to mutation/polymorphism caused by genomic alteration and
interaction with tobacco and its related ingredients in Pakistan. A total of
260 OSCC patient’s tissue and blood specimens were collected with informed consent
from local hospitals of Karachi. Mutations in exons 2-11 of p53 gene were
examined by polymerase chain reaction and single stranded conformational
polymorphisms (PCR-SSCP) and directly sequenced. The current study revealed a
novel mutation in exon 7 of p53 gene. This mutation was observed only in the
tumors of the OSCC patients. The “AGT” to
“ACT” missense mutation was identified at position 719 at TP53. This change substitutes the amino acid serine with threonine
at position 240 of p53 protein suggesting that the threonine allele of p53 gene
is associated with mutation in conserved region. This novel missence mutations
in DNA binding domain indicated that the DNA structure may be damaged by the
use of exogeneous DNA-damaging agents including tobacco related carcinogens
present in gutka, niswar and manpuri, which may result in the loss of cellular processes and p53
protein function.